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1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal; and 2Research Center, Sacré-Coeur Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 3Department of Experimental Cardiology, Center for Heart Failure Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam; and 4Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands; and 5Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Submitted 21 January 2009 ; accepted in final form 14 May 2009
Local unipolar electrograms (UEGs) permit assessment of local activation and repolarization times at multiple sites simultaneously. However, UEG-based indexes of local repolarization are still debated, in particular for positive T waves. Previous experimental and computer modeling studies have not been able to terminate the debate. In this study we validate a simple theoretical model of the UEG and use it to explain how repolarization statistics in the UEG relate to those in the action potential. The model reconstructs the UEG by taking the difference between an inverted local action potential and a position-independent remote signal. In normal tissue, this extremely simple model predicts T-wave morphology with surprising accuracy while explaining in a readily understandable way why the instant of repolarization is always related to the steepest upstroke of the UEG, both in positive and negative T waves, and why positive T waves are related to early repolarizing sites, whereas negative T waves are related to late repolarizing sites.
ventricular repolarization; activation recovery interval; computer model
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