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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print June 20, 2002
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 10.1152/ajpheart.00035.2002
Submitted on January 16, 2002
Accepted on June 17, 2002
1 Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
2 Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Divisions of Cardiology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: moreauk{at}colorado.edu.
We determined the site-specific relations of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and habitual exercise status with intima-media thickness (IMT) in both elastic (carotid) and muscular (femoral) arteries in 77 healthy postmenopausal women: 43 sedentary: 20 no-HRT, 23 HRT users; and 34 endurance-trained: 14 no-HRT, 20 HRT. Femoral IMT was not different among the sedentary HRT and endurance-trained no-HRT and HRT groups, but was lower (P<0.005) in these 3 groups than in the sedentary no-HRT women. There were no significant group differences in carotid IMT. However, in older women (
65 years) carotid IMT was smaller (P<0.05) in HRT compared with no-HRT. We conclude that 1) both endurance-training and HRT status are independently associated with a smaller IMT and 2) these effects are evident primarily in muscular arteries. These results suggest that HRT and habitual exercise may protect postmenopausal women against CVD through influences on IMT. The site-specific relations may be due to a greater number of smooth muscle cells and plasticity of muscular arteries compared to elastic arteries, and/or differences in heterogeneous influences such as metabolic requirements and hydrostatic pressures.
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