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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (May 22, 2003). doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00048.2003
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Submitted on January 21, 2003
Accepted on May 5, 2003

Right Ventricular Volume Measurement By Conductance Catheter

Mark H.D. Danton1*, Gerald F. Greil2, John G. Byrne1, Michael Hsin1, Lawrence H. Cohn1, and Stephan E. Maier2

1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
2 Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: markdanton{at}yahoo.com.

Continuous ventricular volume measurement by the conductance method assumes a homogenous electrical field dispersed throughout and contained within the ventricle. Because of dense trabeculation and complex geometry right ventricular (RV) volume description by this method may be seriously compromised. This study sought to determine the accuracy and limitations of RV volume measurement by conductance using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a reference, in the porcine RV. Anaesthetized pigs (n = 5, 45-55 kg) were placed in a 1.5-T magnet, and EKG gated transverse MRI images (5mm slices) acquired during the complete cardiac cycle. RV cavity volumes were subsequently determined by Simpson's technique. Animals were then instrumented with RV conductance catheter and ultrasonic pulmonary artery flow probe. Conductance catheter signals using single and dual field (SF, DF) excitation were recorded and volumes corrected for parallel conductance using saline-dilution technique. Gain factor {alpha}, was calculated as the ratio of conductance : MRI stroke volume ({alpha}SV). The variation of {alpha} during the cardiac cycle, was computed by comparing RV conductance volumes with (1) MRI volumes at isochronal time points within the cardiac cycle ({alpha}(t)) and (2) the pulmonary flow integral during ejection ({alpha}PF). Following calibration the conductance-MRI volume relation was modelled linearly with good correlation (SF r = 0.96, DF r = 0.94) close to the line of identity. Individual conductance:MRI plots displayed slight curvilinear relation, concaved towards the MRI axis. Consistent with this {alpha}(t) varied significantly during the cardiac cycle (SF, end-systole = 0.49 vs. end-diastole = 0.39, p=0.011). Dual field excitation resulted in improved volume measurement (SF {alpha}SV =0.41 vs. DF {alpha}SV = 0.96), with less variation in {alpha}(t) (DF, end-systole = 1.0. vs. end-diastole = 0.92, p=0.66). These results indicate that with calibration the conductance method can measure absolute RV volume under steady state conditions. However, the curvilinearity and {alpha}(t) variation would indicate the potential for non-linearity when RV volumes are varied over a wider range.




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