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1 Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jfrisbee{at}mcw.edu.
While previous studies have demonstrated that development of Syndrome X in obese Zucker rats (OZR) is associated with impaired arteriolar reactivity to vasoactive stimuli, additional results from these studies indicate that passive diameter of skeletal muscle arterioles is reduced in OZR versus lean Zucker rats (LZR). Based on these prior observations, the present study evaluated structural alterations to the skeletal muscle microcirculation as potential contributors to an elevated vascular resistance. Isolated skeletal muscle resistance arterioles exhibited a reduced passive diameter at all levels of intralumenal pressure and a left-shifted stress-strain curve in OZR vs. LZR; indicative of structural remodeling of individual arterioles. Histological analyses using Griffonia simplicifolia I lectin stained sections of skeletal muscle demonstrated reduced microvessel density (rarefaction) in OZR vs. LZR; suggesting remodeling of entire microvascular networks. Finally, under maximally dilated conditions, constant flow-perfused skeletal muscle of OZR exhibited significant elevations in perfusion pressure versus LZR, indicative of an increased resistance to perfusion within the microcirculation. These data suggest that developing structural alterations to the skeletal muscle microcirculation in OZR result in elevated vascular resistance which may, acting in concert with impaired arteriolar reactivity, contribute to blunted active hyperemic responses and compromised performance of in situ skeletal muscle with elevated metabolic demand.
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