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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print December 12, 2002
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 10.1152/ajpheart.00175.2002
Submitted on February 28, 2002
Accepted on December 10, 2002
1 Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
2 National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland, none
3 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
4 Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College of Science, London, England, United Kingdom
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jtyberg{at}ucalgary.ca.
The differences in shape between central aortic pressure (PAo) and flow waveforms have never been explained satisfactorily in that the assumed explanation- substantial reflected waves during diastole - remains controversial. As an alternative to the widely accepted frequency-domain model of arterial hemodynamics, we propose a functional, time-domain, arterial model that combines a blood conducting system and a reservoir (i.e., Frank's hydraulic integrator, the Windkessel). In 15 anesthetized dogs, we measured aortic pressures, flows, and dimensions and calculated Windkessel pressure (PWk) and volume (VWk). We find that PWk is proportional to thoracic aortic volume and that the volume of the thoracic aorta comprises 45.1±2.0% (SE) of total VWk. When we subtracted PWk from PAo, we found that the difference (excess pressure, Pex) was proportional to aortic flow, thus resolving the differences between PAo and flow waveforms and implying that reflected waves were minimal. We suggest that PAo is the instantaneous summation of a time-varying reservoir pressure (i.e., PWk) and the effects of (primarily) forward-traveling waves in this animal model.
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