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1 Abramson Center for Medical Physics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: solange{at}post.tau.ac.il.
One of the primary pathologies associated with hypertension is a complex autonomic dysfunction with evidence of sympathetic hyperactivity and /or vagal withdrawal. We wish to investigate the possibility for early detection of essential hypertension, based on the analysis of heart rate and blood pressure fluctuations, which reflect autonomic control. Young adult, normotensive offspring of one hypertensive parent (KHT, n=12) and normotensive offspring of two normotensive parents (YN, n=14) participated in this study. ECG, continuous blood pressure, and respiration were recorded during steady state conditions and under various autonomic challenges. Time-frequency decomposition of these signals was performed by a Continuous Wavelet Transform. Use of the Wavelet transform enables the extension of typical Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis to non steady-state conditions. This time-dependent spectral analysis of heart rate allows time-dependent quantification of different spectral components reflecting the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity during rapid transitions such as an active change in posture. During active Change in Posture (CP) from supine to standing, KHT demonstrated a significantly greater increase in the low frequency fluctuations in heart rate (HR) than YN, indicating enhanced sympathetic involvement in the HR response to CP, and a reduced 
-index indicating decreased baroreceptor sensitivity. Upon recovery from Handgrip, vagal reactivation was more sluggish in KHT. These results indicate the early existence of malfunctions in both branches of autonomic control in individuals at increased risk of hypertension.
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