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1 Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
2 Internal Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
3 Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
4 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jln2n{at}virginia.edu.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 plays a key role in atherosclerosis and inflammation associated with visceral adiposity by inducing mononuclear cell migration. Evidence shows that mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM) express a 12-lipoxygenase (12/15-LO), which has been clearly linked to accelerated atherosclerosis in mouse models and increased monocyte endothelial interactions in both rodent and human cells. However, the role of 12/15-LO products in regulating MCP-1 expression in macrophages has not been clarified. In this study, we tested the role of 12/15-LO products using MPM and the mouse macrophage cell line, J774A.1 cells. We found that 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE) increased MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression in J774A.1 cells and MPM. In contrast, 12(R)-HETE, a lipid not derived from 12/15-LO, did not affect MCP-1 expression. 15(S)-HETE also increased MCP-1 mRNA expression but effect was less compared with 12(S)-HETE. MCP-1 mRNA expression was up-regulated in a macrophage cell line stably overexpressing 12/15-LO (Plox-86 cells) and in MPM isolated from a 12/15-LO transgenic mouse. In addition, the expression of MCP-1 was down-regulated in MPM isolated from 12/15-LO knock-out mice. 12(S)-HETE-induced MCP-1 mRNA expression was attenuated by specific inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) and p38 MAPK (p38). 12(S)-HETE also directly activated NADPH oxidase activity. Two NADPH oxidase inhibitors, Apocynin and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), blocked 12(S)-HETE-induced MCP-1 mRNA. Apocynin attenuated 12(S)-HETE-induced MCP-1 protein secretion. These data show that 12(S)-HETE increases MCP-1 expression by inducing PKC and p38 and NADPH oxidase activity. These results suggest a potentially important mechanism linking 12/15-LO activation to MCP-1 expression that induces inflammatory cell infiltration. Key Words: 12/15-LO-Lipoxygenase, MCP-1, J774A.1 cells, Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages.
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