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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print November 29, 2001
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 10.1152/ajpheart.00261.2001
Submitted on March 29, 2001
Accepted on November 15, 2001
1 Cardiovascular Center, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka, Japan
2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
3 Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jcovell{at}ucsd.edu.
The ventricular myocardium consists of a syncytium of myocytes organized into branching, transmurally oriented laminar sheets approximately four cells thick. When systolic deformation is expressed in an axis system determined by the anatomy of the laminar architecture, laminar sheets of myocytes shear and laterally extend in an approximately radial direction. These deformations account for approximately 90% of normal systolic wall thickening in the left ventricular free wall.In the present study we investigated whether the changes in systolic and diastolic function of the sheets were sensitive to alterations in systolic and diastolic load.The results of the studies indicate that there is substantial reorientation of the laminar architecture during systole and diastole. Moreover, this reorientation is both site and load dependent. Thus as end diastolic pressure is increased and the left ventricular wall thins sheets shorten and rotate away from the radial direction due to transverse shearing, opposite of what occurs in systole. Both mechanisms of thickening contribute substantially to normal left ventricular wall function, while the relative contributions of shear and extension are comparable at the base, sheet shear is the predominant factor at the apex. The magnitude of shortening/extension and shear increases with preload and decreases with afterload. These findings underscore the essential contribution of the laminar myocardial architecture for normal ventricular function throughout the cardiac cycle.
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