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1 Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
2 Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation; Ural State University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
3 University Laboratory of Physiology, Oxford, United Kingdom
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ylp{at}efif.uran.ru.
A new experimental approach is described in detail. The effects of mechanical interaction between different regions of the ventricular wall were earlier experimentally mimicked by us via allowing pairs of independently maintained cardiac muscle fibers to interact mechanically, either in series or in parallel. This simple physiological model of heterogeneous myocardium has been termed "duplex", and has provided new insight into basic effects of cardiac electro-mechanical heterogeneity. Here, we present a novel "hybrid duplex", where one of the elements is an isolated cardiac muscle, and the other - a "virtual cardiac muscle". The virtual muscle is represented by a computational model of cardiomyocyte electro-mechanical activity. We present in detail the computer-based digital control system that governs the mechanical interaction between virtual and biological muscle, the software used for data analysis, and working implementations of the model. Advantages of the hybrid duplex method are discussed, and experimental recordings are presented for illustration and as proof-of-principle.
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