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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print September 12, 2002
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 10.1152/ajpheart.00330.2002
Submitted on April 15, 2002
Accepted on September 9, 2002
1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
2 Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Program in Vascular Biology and Division of Vascular Surgery, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
3 Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Program in Vascular Biology and Division of Vascular Surgery, Newark, NJ, USA
4 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Surgery, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Program in Vascular Biology and Division of Vascular Surgery, Newark, NJ, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: duran{at}umdnj.edu.
We tested the hypothesis that VEGF regulates endothelial hyperpermeability to macromolecules by activating the ERK-1/2 MAP kinase pathway. We also tested whether protein kinase C (PKC) and nitric oxide (NO) mediate VEGF-induced increases in permeability via the ERK-1/2 pathway. FITC-dextran-70 flux across human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers served as an index of permeability, while western blots assessed phosphorylation of ERK-1/2. VEGF-induced hyperpermeability was inhibited by antisense DNA oligonucleotides directed against ERK-1/2, and by blockade of MEK and Raf-1 activities (20 µM PD98059 and 5 µM GW5074). These blocking agents also reduced ERK-1/2 phosphorylation. The PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I (10 µM) blocked both VEGF-induced ERK-1/2 activation and hyperpermeability. The NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME (200 µM) and NO scavenger PTIO (100 µM) abolished VEGF-induced hyperpermeability, but did not block ERK-1/2 phosphorylation. These observations demonstrate VEGF-induced hyperpermeability involves activation of PKC, NOS as well as Raf-1, MEK and ERK-1/2. Furthermore, our data suggest that ERK-1/2 and NOS are elements of different signaling pathways in VEGF-induced hyperpermeability.
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