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1 Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research VU (ICaR-VU), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2 Department of Intensive Care, Institute for Cardiovascular Research VU (ICaR-VU), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
3 Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
4 Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: johan.groeneveld{at}vumc.nl.
Myocardial blood flow is unevenly distributed, but the cause of this heterogeneity is unknown. Heterogeneous blood flow may reflect heterogeneity of oxygen demand. The aim of the present study is to assess the relation between oxygen consumption and blood flow in small tissue regions in porcine left ventricle. In 7 male, anesthetized, open-chest pigs, local oxygen consumption was quantitated by computational model analysis of the incorporation of 13C in glutamate via the tricarboxylic acid cycle, during timed infusion of 13C labeled acetate into the left anterior descending coronary artery. Blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres before and during acetate infusion. High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance 13C spectra were obtained from extracts of tissue samples (mean dry weight 159 mg) taken at the end of the acetate infusion. Mean regional myocardial blood flow was stable (5.0 ± 1.6 (SD) and 5.0 ± 1.4 mL/min/g dry weight before and after 30 minutes of acetate infusion, respectively). Mean left ventricular oxygen consumption measured with the NMR method was 18.6 ± 7.7 µmol/min/g dry weight, and correlated well (r = 0.85, p= 0.02, n=7) with oxygen consumption calculated from blood flow, Hb and blood gas measurements (mean 22.8 ± 4.7 µmol/min/g dry weight). Local blood flow and oxygen consumption were significantly correlated (r = 0.63 for pooled normalized data, p < 0.0001, n = 60). We calculate that, in the heart at normal workload, the variance of left ventricular oxygen delivery at sub-milliliter resolution is explained for 43% by heterogeneity in oxygen demand.
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