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1 Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; The Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
2 Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; The Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kathryn-lamping{at}uiowa.edu.
Estrogen increases proliferation and migration of cultured endothelial cells and perfusion of ischemic hind limbs of rabbits. We tested the hypothesis that estrogen is angiogenic and arteriogenic in the heart during progressive coronary occlusion. Ovariectomized (OVX) and OVX plus 17
-estradiol (OVX-ES, 1 mg/kg im weekly) female New Zealand white rabbits were instrumented with an ameroid occluder on a proximal coronary artery. Four weeks after ameroid implantation we measured myocardial perfusion with the microspheres at rest and during adenosine-induced maximal vasodilation. The heart was fixed by perfusion at physiologic pressure, and capillary angiogenesis and remodeling assessed by image analysis of tissue sections in collateral-dependent myocardium. Coronary conductance was higher both at rest and during maximal vasodilation in collateral-dependent myocardium of OVX-ES rabbits, compared to OVX. Estrogen treatment increased the wall to lumen ratio of collateral vessels while decreasing wall to lumen ratios of non-collateral arteries in normal regions. In both normal and collateral-dependent myocardium mean capillary diameter and capillary volume density were greater in estrogen treated rabbits. However, estrogen had no effect on capillary length density in either region of myocardium. These data suggest that estrogen induces remodeling of the collateral vasculature and may stimulate growth of the resistance vessels thereby providing protection during development of a gradual coronary occlusion.
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