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1 Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rrichardson{at}ucsd.edu.
Aging appears to attenuate leg blood flow during exercise, in contrast such data are scant and do not support this contention in the arm. Therefore to determine if aging has differing effects upon blood flow in the arm and leg 8 young (22 ± 6 years) and 6 old (71 ± 15 years) subjects separately performed dynamic knee-extensor (0, 3, 6, 9 watts; 20%, 40%, 60% WRmax) and handgrip exercise (3.5, 7, 10.5 Watts; 20%, 40%, 60% WRmax). Arterial diameter, blood velocity (Doppler ultrasound) and arterial blood pressure (radial tonometry) were measured simultaneously at each of the sub-maximal workloads. Quadriceps muscle mass was smaller in the old (1.6 ± 0.1 kg) than the young (2.1 ± 0.2 kg). When normalized for this difference in muscle mass, resting seated blood flow was similar in young and old subjects (young 115 ± 28; old 114 ± 39 ml/ kg/min). During exercise, blood flow and vascular conductance was attenuated in the old whether expressed in absolute terms for a given absolute workload or more appropriately expressed as blood flow per unit muscle mass at a given relative exercise intensity (young 1523 ± 329; old 1340 ± 157 ml/ kg/min at 40% WRmax). In contrast, aging did not affect forearm muscle mass or attenuate rest or exercise blood flow or vascular conductance in the arm. In conclusion, aging induces limb-specific alterations in exercise blood flow regulation. These alterations result in reductions in leg blood flow during exercise, but do not impact forearm blood flow.
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