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1 Physiology and Biophysics, UB, SUNY,SMBS, Buffalo, New York, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hstrauss{at}buffalo.edu.
Ca2+-Calmodulin (Ca2+-CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (Ca2+/CaMKII) is an important regulator of cardiac ion channels and its inhibition may be an approach for treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. We investigated the role of W-7, an inhibitor of Ca2+-occupied CaM, and KN-93, an inhibitor of Ca2+/CaMKII, on Kv4.3, in Xenopus laevis oocytes using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. W-7 caused a voltage- and concentration-dependent decrease in peak current with an IC50=92.4µM. The block was voltage-dependent with an effective electrical distance of 0.18±0.05 and use-dependence was observed, suggesting that a component of W-7 inhibition of IKv4.3 was due to open-channel block. W-7 made recovery from open-state inactivation a bi-exponential process, also suggesting open-channel block. We compared the effects of W-7, with those of KN-93 following washout of 500µM BAPTA-AM. KN-93 reduced peak current without evidence of voltage or use dependence. Both W-7 and KN-93 accelerated all components of inactivation. We used wild type and mutated Kv4.3 channels with mutant CaMKII consensus phosphorylation sites to examine the effects of W-7 and KN-93. In contrast to W-7, KN-93 at 35 µM selectively accelerated open-state inactivation in the WT vs. the mutant channel. W-7 had a significantly greater effect on recovery from inactivation in WT vs. mutant channels. We conclude that at certain concentrations KN-93 selectively inhibit Ca2+/CaMKII activity in Xenopus oocytes and the effects of W-7 are mediated by direct interaction with the channel pore and inhibition of Ca2+-CaM as well as a change in activity of Ca2+-CaM-dependent enzymes including Ca2+/CaMKII.
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