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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (July 1, 2004). doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00490.2003
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Submitted on May 30, 2003
Accepted on June 23, 2004

Test of dynamic closed-loop baroreflex and autoregulatory control of total peripheral resistance in the intact and conscious sheep

Nikolai Aljuri1*, Robert Marini2, and Richard J. Cohen1

1 Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
2 Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nikko{at}mit.edu.

This paper presents the first study able to examine and delineate the actual actions of the physiological mechanisms responsible for the dynamic couplings between cardiac output (CO), arterial pressure (Pa), right atrial pressure (Pra) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) in an individual subject without altering the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Eight conscious male sheep were used, where both types of baroreceptors were independently exposed to simultaneous beat-to-beat pressure perturbations under intact closed-loop conditions, while CO, Pa, Pra and TPR were measured. We applied the cardiovascular system identification method proposed in a companion paper (4) to quantitatively characterize the dynamic closed-loop transfer relations CO{Rightarrow}Pa, Pra{Rightarrow} Pa, Pa {Rightarrow}TPR and Pra{Rightarrow}TPR from the measured signals. To validate the dynamic properties of the estimated transfer relations, the essential parts of the linear dynamics of the model were independently and comprehensively evaluated via error model crossvalidation, and the overall model's steady-state behavior was compared with a separate random effects regression approach. In addition to numerous physiological findings, we found that the cardiovascular system identification results were exceptionally consistent with the analytically derived solutions previously discussed in (4). In conclusion, this paper presents the first-time validation of a cardiovascular system identification method by means of experimentally acquired animal data in the intact and conscious animal, and offers a set of powerful quantitative tools essential to advancing our knowledge of cardiovascular regulatory physiology.




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