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1 Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
3 Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
4 Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: zgalis{at}emory.edu.
Arteries remodel in response to environmental changes. We investigated whether mechanical strain modulates production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and 9 by cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression were tested using human saphenous vein SMC on silicone membranes at rest or subjected to physiological levels (5%) of stationary or cyclical (1Hz) uniaxial strain. Compared to control, stationary strain significantly increased MMP-2 mRNA levels at all time points, while cyclic strain decreased it after 48h. Both secreted and cell associated pro-MMP-2 levels were increased by stationary strain at all times (p<0.01), while cyclic strain decreased secreted levels after 48h (p<0.02). MMP-9 mRNA levels and pro-MMP-9 protein were increased after 48h of stationary stretch (p<0.01) compared to both no strain and cyclic strain. Our study indicates that vascular SMC show a selective response to different types of strain. We suggest that local increases in stationary mechanical strain resulting from stenting, hypertension, or atherosclerosis may lead to enhanced matrix degradation by SMC.
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