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1 Human Movement and Exercise Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Cardiac Transplant Unit, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; Cardiac Transplant Unit, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
2 Human Movement and Exercise Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
3 Human Movement and Exercise Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Cardiac Transplant Unit, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
4 Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; Cardiac Transplant Unit, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
5 Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: brevis{at}cyllene.uwa.edu.au.
We have pooled data from a series of our exercise training studies undertaken in groups with a broad range of vascular (dys)function to the examine the hypothesis that exercise-induced improvements in conduit/resistance vessel function are related to improvements in risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Endothelium-dependent and -independent conduit vessel function were assessed using wall-tracking of high-resolution ultrasound images of the brachial artery response to flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerine (GTN). Resistance vessel function was assessed using intra-brachial administration of acetylcholine (ACh), nitroprusside (SNP) and monomethyl-L-arginine (LNMMA). Randomised cross-over studies of 8 weeks exercise training were undertaken in untreated hypercholesterolemic (n = 11), treated hypercholesterolemic (n = 11), coronary artery disease (n = 10), chronic heart failure (n = 12), type 2 diabetic (n = 15) and healthy control subjects (n = 16). Exercise training did not significantly alter plasma lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose, waist:hip or BMI, despite significant improvement in both FMD and ACh responses. There were no correlations between changes in any risk factor variables and indices of either resistance or conduit vessel function. We conclude that, in these subjects with antecedent vascular dysfunction, the beneficial effects of relatively short-term exercise training on vascular function are not solely mediated by the effects of exercise on cardiovascular risk factors.
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