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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (October 30, 2003). doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00525.2003
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Submitted on June 6, 2003
Accepted on October 22, 2003

A theoretical model of nitric oxide transport in arterioles: frequency vs amplitude dependent control of cGMP formation

Nikolaos M. Tsoukias1*, Mahendra Kavdia1, and Aleksander S. Popel1

1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tsoukias{at}bme.jhu.edu.

NO plays many important physiological roles including the regulation of vascular smooth muscle tone. In response to hemodynamic or agonist stimuli endothelial cells produce NO which can diffuse to the smooth muscle where it activates soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) leading to cGMP formation and to smooth muscle relaxation. The close proximity of the red blood cells suggests however that a significant amount of NO released will be scavenged by blood, thus the issue of bioavailability of endothelium-derived NO to the smooth muscle has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. We formulated a mathematical model for NO transport in an arteriole to test the hypothesis that transient, burst-like NO production can facilitate efficient NO delivery to the smooth muscle and reduce NO scavenging by the blood. Model simulations predict that: (1) the endothelium can maintain physiologically significant amount of NO in the smooth muscle despite the presence of NO scavengers such as hemoglobin and myoglobin, (2) under certain conditions transient NO release presents a more efficient way for activating sGC and it can increase cGMP formation several fold, and (3) frequency rather than amplitude dependent control of cGMP formation is possible. This suggests that it is the frequency of NO bursts and perhaps the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations in the endothelial cells that may limit cGMP formation and regulate vascular tone. The proposed hypothesis suggests a new functional role for Ca2+ oscillations in endothelial cells. Further experimentation is needed to test if and under what conditions in silico predictions occur in vivo.




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