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1 Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
2 Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: russell.moore{at}colorado.edu.
Data regarding the effectiveness of chronic exercise training in improving survival in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) is inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a study to determine the effect of exercise training on survival in a well-defined animal model of heart failure, the lean male Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure (SHHF) rat. In this model, animals typically present with decompensated, dilated heart failure (HF) between ~18-23 months of age. SHHF rats were assigned to sedentary (SED) or exercise trained (TR) groups at 9 and 16 mo. of age. Exercise training consisted of 6 months of low intensity treadmill running. Exercise training delayed the onset of overt heart failure and improved survival (p<0.01) independent of any effects on the hypertensive status of the rats. Training delayed the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform shift from 
- to 
-MyHC that was seen in sedentary animals that developed heart failure. Exercise was associated with a concurrent increase in cardiomyocyte length (~6%) and width, and prevented the increase in length:width ratio seen in sedentary animals in heart failure. The increases in proteinuria, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, and serum leptin levels observed in rats with heart failure were suppressed by low intensity exercise training. No significant alterations in sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, phospholamban, or Na2+/Ca2+ exchanger protein expression were found in response to training. Our results indicate that 6 months of low intensity exercise training delays the onset of decompensated heart failure and improves survival in the male SHHF rat. Similarly, exercise intervention prevented or suppressed alterations in several key variables that normally occur with the development of overt CHF. These data are supportive of the idea that exercise may be a useful and inexpensive intervention in the treatment of heart failure.
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