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1 University of Wuerzburg, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wuerzburg, Germany
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jenswaschke{at}gmx.de.
cAMP enhances endothelial barrier properties and is protective against various inflammatory mediators both in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanisms whereby cAMP stabilizes the endothelial barrier are largely unknown. Recently we demonstrated that the Rho family GTPase Rac-1 is required for maintenance of endothelial barrier functions in vivo and in vitro. Therefore in the present study we investigated the effect of forskolin (5 µM )/rolipram (10 µM)-induced cAMP increase on reduction of barrier functions in response to Rac-1 inhibition by Clostridium sordellii Lethal toxin (LT). Forskolin and rolipram treatment blocked LT (200 ng/ml)-induced hydraulic conductivity (Lp) increase in mesenteric microvessels in vivo. Likewise LT-induced intercellular gap formation in monolayers of cultured microvascular myocardial endothelial cells (MyEnd) and LT-induced loss of adhesion of VE-cadherin-coated microbeads were abolished. Inhibition of cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA) by Myr-PKI (100µM) reduced the protective effect of cAMP on LT-induced Lp increase in vivo and gap formation in vitro indicating that the effect of cAMP on Rac-1 inhibition was PKA-dependent. Glucosylation assays demonstrated that cAMP prevents inhibitory Rac-1 glucosylation by LT indicating that one way cAMP enhances endothelial barrier functions may be by regulating Rac-1 signalling. Our study suggests that cAMP may provide its well established protective effects at least in part by regulation of Rho-proteins.
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