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1 Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jtyberg{at}ucalgary.ca.
The pericardium may modulate acute compensatory changes in stroke volumes (SV's) seen with sudden changes in cardiac volume, but such a mechanism has never been clearly demonstrated. In 8 open-chest dogs, we measured LV and RV pressures, diameters, and SV's and pericardial pressures during rapid (~300 ms) systolic infusions or withdrawals of ~25 mL blood, into and out of the left and right atrium. Control beats, the infusion/withdrawal beat, and 4 to 10 subsequent beats were studied. With infusions, ipsilateral ventricular end-diastolic transmural pressure, diameter, and SV increased. With the pericardium closed, there was a compensatory decrease in contralateral transmural pressure, diameter, and SV, mediated by opposite changes in transmural end-diastolic pressures. The sum of the ipsilateral increase and contralateral decrease in SV approximated the infused volume. Corresponding changes were seen with blood withdrawals. This direct ventricular interaction was diminished when pericardial pressure was less than 5 mm Hg and absent when the pericardium was opened. Pericardial constraint appears essential for immediate biventricular compensatory responses to acute atrial volume changes.
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