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1 VCU
2 Medical College of Virginia,Virginia Commonwealth University
3 Medical College of Virginia,Virginia Commonwealth University,
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pli{at}vcu.edu.
CD38 contains an ADP ribosylcyclase domain that mediates intracellular Ca2+ signaling by production of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), but the mechanisms by which agonists activate this enzyme remain unclear. The present study tested a hypothesis that a special lipid rafts (LRs) form, ceramide-enriched lipid platform, contributes to CD38 activation to produce cADPR in response to M1 receptor stimulation in bovine coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs). By confocal microscopic analysis, oxotremorine (OXO), an M1 receptor agonist, was found to increase LRs clustering on the membrane with formation of a complex of CD38 and LRs components such as GM1, acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) and ceramide, a typical ceramide-enriched macrodomain. At 80 µM, OXO increased LRs clustering by 78.8%, which was abolished by LR disruptors, methyl-
-cyclodextrin (MCD) or filipin. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique, 15.5 ± 1.9% energy transfer rate (vs. 5.3±0.9 of control) between CD38 and LR component, ganglioside M1 was detected, further confirming the proximity of both molecules. In presence of MCD or filipin, there were no FRET signals detected. In floated detergent-resistant membrane fractions, CD38 significantly increased in LR fractions of CAMs treated by OXO. Moreover, MCD or filipin attenuated OXO-induced production of cADPR via CD38. Functionally, OXO-induced intracellular Ca2+ release and coronary artery constriction via cADPR were also blocked by LR disruption or ASMase inhibition. These results provide the first evidence that the formation of ceramide-enriched lipid macrodomains is crucial for OXO-induced activation of CD38 to produce cADPR in CAMs and these lipid macrodomains mediate transmembrane signaling of M1 receptor activation to produce second messenger-cADPR.
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