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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (April 4, 2002). doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00687.2001
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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print April 4, 2002
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 10.1152/ajpheart.00687.2001
Submitted on August 2, 2001
Accepted on March 22, 2002

Energetics of the Frank-Starling Effect in Rabbit Myocardium: Economy and Efficiency Depend on Muscle Length

Jeffrey W. Holmes1*, Mark Hunlich2, and Gerd Hasenfuss2

1 Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
2 Kardiologie und Angiologie, Universitaet Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jh553{at}columbia.edu.

We tested the hypothesis that economy and efficiency are independent of length in intact cardiac muscle over its normal working range. We measured force, force-time integral, force-length area, and myocardial oxygen consumption in eight isometrically contracting rabbit right ventricular papillary muscles. 2,3-butanedione monoxime was used to partition nonbasal oxygen consumption into tension-independent and tension-dependent components. Developed force, force-time integral, and force-length area increased by factors of 2.4, 2.7, and 4.8 respectively as muscle length was increased from 90% to 100% Lmax, while tension-dependent oxygen consumption increased only 1.6-fold. Economy, the ratio of force-time integral to tension-dependent oxygen consumption, increased significantly with muscle length, as did contractile efficiency, the ratio of force-length area to tension-dependent oxygen consumption. The average force-length area/nonbasal oxygen consumption intercept was more than twice tension-independent oxygen consumption. We conclude that economy and efficiency increase with length in rabbit myocardium. This conclusion is consistent with published data in isolated rabbit and dog hearts but at odds with studies in skinned myocardium.




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