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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (November 6, 2003). doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00719.2003
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Submitted on July 25, 2003
Accepted on October 30, 2003

Gender Affects Calf Venous Compliance at Rest and During Baroreceptor Unloading in Humans

Kevin D. Monahan1* and Chester A. Ray2

1 Department of Medicine (Cardiolgy), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
2 Department of Medicine (Cardiolgy), Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kmonahan{at}psu.edu.

Leg venous compliance is a determinant of peripheral venous pooling during orthostatic stress such that high venous compliance could contribute to reduced orthostatic tolerance. We tested the hypotheses that: 1) calf venous compliance is reduced during baroreflex unloading and 2) calf venous compliance is greater in women than men. Twelve men (27±2 yr) and 12 women (25±2) were studied in the supine posture. Calf venous compliance was determined by inflating a thigh venous collecting cuff to 60 mmHg for 8 min, then decreasing cuff pressure at a rate of 1 mmHg/s to 0 mmHg. The slope of the pressure-compliance relation (compliance = {beta}1+2*{beta}2*cuff pressure), which is the first derivative of the quadratic pressure-volume relation [({Delta} limb volume) = {beta}0+{beta}1*(cuff pressure)+{beta}2*(cuff pressure)2] during the reduction in collecting cuff pressure, was used to assess venous compliance at baseline and during 1-legged lower body negative pressure (LBNP; -50 mmHg). At baseline calf venous compliance was 48% lower (P<0.001) in women than men and decreased in men ({Delta}-25±8%; P<0.05), but not women ({Delta}1±11%) during LBNP. Venous capacitance (% change in calf volume during collecting cuff pressure application) was greater in men than women during the baseline trial (3.7±0.2 vs. 3.0±0.2%; P<0.05) and decreased significantly in men ({Delta}-15±6%) and women ({Delta}-19±5%) during the LBNP trial. Rhythmic ischemic handgrip ({Delta}6±9%) and cold pressor testing ({Delta}-9±7%) did not alter calf venous compliance in a subgroup of men (n=6). These data indicate gender dependent effects on calf venous compliance under conditions associated with low sympathetic outflow (i.e., rest) and high sympathetic outflow (i.e., LBNP). However, they appear not to explain gender-associated differences in orthostatic tolerance.




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