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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (February 6, 2003). doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00724.2002
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Submitted on August 28, 2002
Accepted on January 27, 2003

GENDER DIMORPHIC TISSUE PERFUSION RESPONSE FOLLOWING ACUTE HEMORRHAGE AND RESUSCITATION: ROLE OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL FUNCTION

Zheng F Ba1, Joachim F Kuebler1, Loring W Rue III1, Kirby Bland1, Ping Wang1, and Irshad H Chaudry1*

1 Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Irshad.Chaudry{at}ccc.uab.edu.

Proestrus female rodents are protected from the deleterious effects of trauma-hemorrhage that are observed in males. We hypothesized that the gender dimorphic outcome following trauma-hemorrhage might be related to gender differences in endothelial function and organ perfusion under such conditions. Male and cycle matched proestrus female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a midline laparotomy, hemorrhagic shock (40 mmHg for ~90 min) and resuscitation (Ringer's lactate, 4 x the shed blood volume over 60 min). Various parameters were measured at two hours after completion of resuscitation. In the first set of animals, the left ventricle was cannulated and heart performance (dP/dtmax) as well as cardiac output and organ perfusion rates were determined using 85Sr-microspheres. In the second set of animals, aortic vessel rings were harvested and relaxation in response to acetylcholine and nitroglycerin were measured. In the third set of animals, an in situ isolated small intestine was perfused to measure the response of the splanchnic vessel bed to acetylcholine and nitroglycerin. Following trauma-hemorrhage and resuscitation, females maintained cardiac output, and demonstrated increased splanchnic and cardiac perfusion compared to males. Moreover, female rats did not manifest endothelial dysfunction that was observed in male intestines following hemorrhagic shock. We conclude that proestrus females show improved endothelial function and tissue perfusion patterns following hemorrhagic shock, and that this gender specific response might be a potential mechanism contributing to the beneficial effects of the proestrus stage under such conditions.




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