Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is maintained constant despite changes in systemic blood pressure (BP) through multiple mechanisms of autoregulation such as vascular myogenic reactivity. Our aim was to determine myogenic characteristics of cannulated middle cerebral arteries (MCA) in male and female stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), at 12 weeks of age, under pressurised no-flow conditions. MCA pressure-diameter relationships (20-200 mmHg) were constructed in active (with calcium) and passive (without calcium) conditions, and myogenic and mechanical properties were determined. Myogenic reactivity in WKY (P<0.05, ANOVA) and SHRSP (P<0.05, ANOVA) males was impaired compared to their female counterparts. Comparison of SHRSP with WKY in males revealed similar myogenic reactivity, but in females SHRSP exhibited augmented myogenic reactivity (P<0.05, ANOVA). In both genders, myogenic tone yielded at lower pressure in SHRSP compared to WKY vessels (120-140 vs. 140-180 mmHg). Stress-strain relationships and elastic moduli in WKY rats showed that vessels were stiffer in females than in males. Conversely, in SHRSP, male vessels were stiffer than female vessels. Comparison of strains in males indicated that stiffness was increased in SHRSP compared to WKY vessels, whereas the converse was observed in females. These findings demonstrate that MCA myogenic and distensibility characteristics exhibit significant gender and strain-dependent differences. Inappropriate myogenic adaptation and augmented vascular stiffness, particularly in male SHRSP, are potential limiting factors in blood flow autoregulation and may increase the predisposition for stroke-related cerebrovascular events.