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1 Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
2 Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
3 Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Research Service, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
4 Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, Birmingham, AL, USA
5 Pathology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, LA, USA
6 Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Purdue-UAB Botanical Center for Age-related disease, Birmingham, AL, USA
7 Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Purdue-UAB Botanical Center for Age-related disease, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, Birmingham, AL, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: patel{at}path.uab.edu.
The anti-atherogenic effects of consuming soy-isoflavones have been demonstrated in a variety of studies. However, the mechanisms involved remain poorly defined. Adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelial cells is a key step within the inflammatory cascade that leads to atherogenesis. Many factors including the physical forces associated with blood flow regulate this process. Using an in vitro flow assay, we report that genistein, a principal component of most isoflavone preparations, inhibits monocyte adhesion to cytokine (TNF
) stimulated human vascular endothelial cells at physiologically relevant concentrations (0-1µM). This effect is absolutely dependent on flow, and is not observed under static conditions. Furthermore, this inhibition was dependent on activation of endothelial PPAR
(peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor). No significant role for other reported properties of genistein including antioxidant effects, inhibition of tyrosine kinases, nor activation of estrogen receptors was observed. Furthermore, the anti-adhesive effects of genistein did not occur via modulation of the adhesion molecules E-Selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 or PECAM-1. These data reveal a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism for isoflavones and identify the physical forces associated with blood flow and a critical mediator of this function.
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