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1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
3 Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gordana{at}mit.edu.
A steady state model of oxygen distribution in a cardiac tissue construct with a parallel channel array was developed and solved for a set of parameters using finite element method and a commercial software FEMLAB. The effects of an oxygen carrier, OxygentTM, 32 vol % perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion, were evaluated. The parallel channel array mimics the in vivo capillary tissue bed and the PFC emulsion has similar role as the natural oxygen carrier, hemoglobin in increasing total oxygen content. The construct was divided into an array of cylindrical domains with a channel in the center and tissue space surrounding the channel. In the channel, the main modes of mass transfer were axial convection and radial diffusion. In the tissue region, mass transfer was by axial and radial diffusion, and the consumption of oxygen was by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Neumann boundary conditions were imposed at the channel centerline and the half distance between the domains. Supplementation of culture medium by PFC emulsion improved mass transport by increasing convective term and effective diffusivity of culture medium. The model was first implemented for the following set of experimentally obtained parameters: construct thickness 0.2cm, channel diameter 330 µm, channel center-tocenter spacing 700 µm and average linear velocity per channel of 0.049 cm/s, in conjunction with PFC supplemented and unsupplemented culture medium. Subsequently, the model was used to define favorable scaffold geometry and flow conditions necessary to cultivate cardiac constructs of high cell density (108cells/cm3) and clinically relevant thickness (0.5cm). In the future work, the model can be utilized as a tool for optimization of scaffold geometry and flow conditions.
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