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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (December 4, 2003). doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00803.2003
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Submitted on August 26, 2003
Accepted on December 1, 2003

Genesis of the Monophasic Action Potential: Role of the Interstitial Resistance and Boundary Gradients

Joseph V. Tranquillo1, Michael R. Franz2, Bjorn C. Knollmann2, Alexandra P. Henriquez3, Doris A. Taylor1, and Craig S. Henriquez1*

1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
2 VA Medical Centers, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
3 North Carolina Supercomputing Center, Research Park, NC, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ch{at}frosty.mc.duke.edu.

The extracellular potential at the site of a mechanical deformation has been shown to resemble the underlying transmembrane action potential (TAP), providing a minimally invasive way to access membrane dynamics. The biophysical factors underlying the genesis of this signal, however, are still poorly understood. Using data from a recent experimental study in a murine heart, a 3D anisotropic bidomain model of the mouse ventricular free wall was developed to study the currents and potentials resulting from the application of a point mechanical load on cardiac tissue. The applied pressure is assumed to open non-specific pressure sensitive channels depolarizing the membrane, leading to monophasic currents at the electrode edge that give rise to the MAP. The results show that the magnitude and the time course of the monophasic action potential (MAP) are reproduced only for certain combinations of local or global intracellular and interstitial resistances that form a resting tissue length constant that, if applied over the entire domain, is smaller than that required to match the wavespeed. The results suggest that the application of pressure not only causes local depolarization but also changes local tissue properties, both of which appear to play a critical role in the genesis of the MAP.




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