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1 School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
2 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
3 Keio Leading-edge Laboratory of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
5 Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: akinori{at}tani.sd.keio.ac.jp.
The glycocalyx layer on the surface of an endothelial cell is an interface barrier for uptake of macromolecules, such as LDL and albumin, in the cell. The shear-dependent uptake of macromolecules thus might govern the function of the glycocalyx layer. We therefore studied the effect of glycocalyx on the shear-dependent uptake of macromolecules into endothelial cells. Bovine aorta endothelial cells were exposed to shear stress stimulus ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 Pa for 48 hours. The albumin uptake into the cells was then measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the microstructure of glycocalyx was observed using electron microscopy. When compared to the uptake into endothelial cells under static conditions (no shear stress stimulus), the albumin uptake at a shear stress of 1.0 Pa increased by 16% and at 3.0 Pa decreased by 27%. Compared to static conditions, the thickness of the glycocalyx layer increased by 70% and the glycocalyx charge increased by 80% at a shear stress of 3.0 Pa. The albumin uptake at a shear stress of 3.0 Pa for cells with a neutralized (no charge) glycocalyx layer was almost twice that of cells with charged layer. These findings indicate that glycocalyx influences the albumin uptake at higher shear stress, and that glycocalyx properties (thickness and charge level) are involved with the shear-dependent albumin uptake process.
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