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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (February 11, 2005). doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00867.2004
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Submitted on August 24, 2004
Accepted on January 17, 2005

Left Ventricular Endocardial Longitudinal and Transverse Changes during Isovolumic Contraction and Relaxation: A Challenge

Wolfgang A Goetz1, Emmanuel Lansac2, Hou-Sen Lim1, Patricia A Weber3, and Carlos M Duran3*

1 School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
2 Chirurgie Thoracique et Cardiovasculaire, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France
3 The International Heart Institute of Montana Foundation at St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center and The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: duran{at}saintpatrick.org.

Background: Left ventricular (LV) longitudinal and transverse geometric changes during isovolumic contraction (IVC) and relaxation (IVR) are still controversial. This confusion is compounded by traditional definitions of these phases of the cardiac cycle. High-resolution sonomicrometry studies might clarify these issues. Methods and Results: Crystals were implanted in six sheep at the LV apex, fibrous trigones, lateral and posterior mitral annulus, base of the aortic right coronary sinus, anterior and septal endocardial wall, papillary muscle tips, and the edge of the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets. Changes in distances were time related to LV and aorta pressures and to mitral valve opening. At the beginning of IVC, while the mitral valve was still open, the LV endocardial transverse diameter started to shorten while the endocardial longitudinal diameter increased. During IVR, while the mitral valve was closed, LV transverse diameter started to increase while the longitudinal diameter continued to decrease. Conclusions: These findings are inconsistent with the classic definitions of the phases of the cardiac cycle.




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