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1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ltung{at}bme.jhu.edu.
Previous studies of reentrant arrhythmias in the heart have been performed in computer models and tissue experiments. We hypothesized that confluent monolayers of cardiac cells can provide a simple, controlled and reproducible experimental model of reentry. Neonatal rat ventricular cells were cultured on 22-mm diameter cover slips and stained with the voltage-sensitive dye RH237. Recordings of transmembrane potentials were obtained from 61 sites using a contact fluorescence imaging system. Electrical field (S1) followed by point (S2) stimulus induced 39 episodes of sustained reentry and 21 episodes of nonsustained reentry. Sustained reentry consisted of single loop (n=18 monolayers) or figure-of-eight (n=4) patterns. The cycle length, APD80, and conduction velocity were (in mean±SEM): 358±33 ms, 118±12 ms, 12.9±1.0 cm/s and 311±78 ms, 137±18 ms, 7.8±1.3 cm/s, respectively. Electrical termination by 6-13 V/cm field pulses or 15-20V point stimuli was successful in 60% of attempts. In summary, highly stable reentry can be induced, sustained for extensive periods of time, and electrically terminated in monolayers of cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes.
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