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1 Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Vascular Research Group, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
3 Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
4 Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: secomb{at}u.arizona.edu.
Arteriolar arcades provide alternate pathways for blood flow after obstruction of arteries or arterioles, as in stroke and coronary and peripheral vascular disease. When obstruction is prolonged, remaining vessels adjust their diameters chronically in response to altered hemodynamic and metabolic conditions. Here, the effectiveness of arcades in maintaining perfusion both immediately following obstruction and after structural adaptation was examined. Morphometric data from a vascular casting of the pig triceps brachii muscle and published data were used to develop a computational model for the hemodynamics and structural adaptation of the arcade network between two feed artery branches (FA1 and FA2). The predicted total flow to capillaries (QTA) in the region initially supplied by FA2 decreased to 26% of the normal value immediately after FA2 obstruction, but was restored to 78% of the normal value after adaptation. Following obstruction of 1 to 10 randomly selected arcade segments, QTA was on average 18% higher in the arcade network than in a corresponding two-tree network without arcades. Structural adaptation increased QTA by an additional 16% in the arcade network but had almost no effect in the two-tree network. These results indicate that arcades can partially maintain blood flow after vascular blockage, and that this effect is substantially enhanced by structural adaptation.
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