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1 Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
2 Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gkassab{at}uci.edu.
The pressure-induced remodeling of coronary veins is important in coronary venous retroperfusion. Our hypothesis is that the response of the large coronary veins to pressure-overload will depend on the degree of myocardial support. Eleven normal Yorkshire swine from either sex weighing 31-39 kg were studied. Five pigs underwent ligation of the LAD vein and six served as sham controls. The ligation of the coronary vein caused an increase in pressure intermediate to arterial and venous values. After two weeks of ligation, the animals were euthanized and the coronary vessels were perfusion-fixed with glutaraldehyde. The LAD vein was sectioned and detailed morphometric measurements were made along its length from the point of ligation near the base down to the apex of the heart. The structural remodeling of the vein was circumferentially non-uniform since the vein is partially embedded in the myocardium; it was also axially non-uniform since it is tethered to the myocardium to different degrees along its axial length. The wall area was significantly larger in the experimental group, while luminal area was significantly smaller in the same group as compared to sham controls in the proximal LAD vein. The wall thickness-to-radius ratio was also significantly larger in the experimental group in proportion to the increase in pressure. The major conclusion of this study is that the response of the vein depends on the local wall stress, which is in part, determined by the surrounding tissue. Furthermore, the geometric remodeling of the coronary vein restores the circumferential stress to the homeostatic value.
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