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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (July 8, 2005). doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00934.2004
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Submitted on September 7, 2004
Accepted on May 21, 2005

Determination of the layer-specific mechanical properties ofhuman coronary arteries with intimal thickening, and related constitutive modelling

Gerhard A Holzapfel1*, Gerhard Sommer1, Christian Gasser1, and Peter Regitnig2

1 Graz University of Technology, Institute of Computational Biomechanics, Graz, Austria
2 Medical University Graz, Institute of Pathology, Graz, Austria

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gh{at}biomech.tu-graz.ac.at.

At autopsy 13 non-stenotic human left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries (71.5 ± 7.3yr, mean±SD) were harvested and related anamnesis documented. Cyclic quasistatic uniaxial tension tests of 78 pre-conditioned prepared strips of mid-LAD segments from the individual layers in the axial and circumferential directions were performed; ultimate tensile stresses and stretches were documented. The ratio of outer diameter to total wall thickness was 0.189 ± 0.014; ratios between thickness of adventitia, media, intima and the total wall were 0.4 ± 0.03, 0.36 ± 0.03, 0.27 ± 0.02; axial in situ stretch was 1.044 ± 0.06, and decreased with age. The stress-stretch responses for the individual tissues showed pronounced mechanical heterogeneity. The intima is the stiffest layer over the whole deformation domain, while the media in the longitudinal direction is the softest. All specimens exhibited small hysteresis, behaved anisotropically and strongly nonlinearly in both loading directions. The media and intima showed similar ultimate tensile stresses, which are on average three times smaller than ultimate tensile stresses in the adventitia (1430 ± 604kPa circumferential, 1300 ± 692kPa longitudinal). The ultimate tensile stretches are similar for all tissue layers. A recently proposed constitutive model was extended and used to represent the deformation behavior for each tissue type over the entire loading range. The study showed the need to model non-stenotic human coronary arteries with non-atherosclerotic intimal thickening as a composite-structure composed of three solid mechanically relevant layers exhibiting different mechanical properties. The intima showed significant thickness, load-bearing capacity and mechanical strength when compared with the media and adventitia.




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