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1 Department of Cardiology Research, VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
2 Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science, Texas A&M University, College Sation, TX, USA; Department of Veternary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
3 Department of Veternary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
4 Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
5 Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: aaknowlton{at}ucdavis.edu.
The heat shock proteins (HSPs) are an important family of endogenous, protective proteins that are found in all tissues. In the heart, HSP72, the inducible form of HSP70, has been the most intensely studied. It is well established that HSP72 is induced with ischemia and is cardioprotective. Overexpression of other HSPs also is protective against cardiac injury. Recently we observed that 17
-estradiol increases levels of HSPs in male rat cardiac myocytes. We hypothesized that there were gender differences in HSP72 expression in the heart secondary to estrogen. To test this hypothesis, we examined cardiac levels of HSP72 by ELISA in male and female Sprague Dawley rats. In addition, three other HSPs were assessed by western blot (HSP27, HSP60, and HSP90). To determine if estrogen status effected HSP72 expression in other muscles or tissues, two other muscle tissues, slow twitch (STM, soleus muscle) and fast twitch (FTM, gastrocnemius muscle), were studied as well as two other organs, kidney and liver. As HSP72 is cardioprotective, and females are known to have less cardiovascular disease pre-menopause, the effects of ovariectomy (OVX) were examined. We report that female Sprague Dawley rat hearts have twice as much HSP72 as male hearts. OVX reduced the level of HSP72 in female hearts, and this could be prevented by estrogen replacement therapy. Conclusion: These data show that expression of cardiac HSP72 is greater in female than in male rats, due to upregulation by estrogen.
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