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Articles in PresS, published online ahead of print May 23, 2002
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 10.1152/ajpheart.01082.2001
Submitted on December 10, 2001
Accepted on May 8, 2002
1 Physiologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Munchen, Germany
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dewit{at}lmu.de.
Vasomotor reactions upon focal stimulation of arterioles have been shown to be conducted along the vascular wall. Such a conduction which is assumed to reflect the spread of electrical signals may contribute to coordination of responses within a vascular segment. We aimed to identify which endothelial autacoid(s) act as mediators of the local and conducted dilator responses, respectively. To this end, arterioles in the hamster cremaster microcirculation were locally stimulated with endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine [ACh]) or endothelium-independent dilators (sodium-nitroprusside [SNP]) and the resulting changes in diameter were measured using a videomicroscopy technique at the site of application and up to 1.4 mm upstream at distant sites. Experiments were also performed after blockade of NO-synthase, cyclooxygenase, p450-monooxygenase or K+-channels. Dilations upon ACh (71±3%) were conducted rapidly (< 1 s) to upstream sites (at 1.4 mm: 37±5%). Although the NO-donor SNP induced a similar local dilation (71±7%), this response was not conducted. Maximal amplitudes of ACh-induced dilations were not attenuated after inhibition of NO-synthase and cyclooxygenase at the local and remote site. However, additional treatment with a p450-monooxygenase blocker (sulfaphenazole) strongly attenuated the local response (from 62±9 to 17±5%) and abrogated dilations at distant sites (at 0.67 mm: from 23±4 to 4±3%). Likewise, ODYA strongly attenuated local and remote responses. Blockers of Ca2+-dependent K+-channels (charybdotoxin or iberiotoxin) attenuated dilations at the local and remote site after focal application at the ACh stimulation site. In marked contrast, treatment of the upstream site with these blockers was without any effect. We conclude that upon local stimulation with ACh a p450-monooxygenase product is generated, which induces local dilation via the activation of Ca2+-dependent K+-channels and initiates conduction of the dilation. In contrast to the local site, neither activation of these K+-channels nor the synthesis of NO or prostaglandins are necessary to dilate the arterioles at remote, distant sites. This suggests that EDHF serves as an important mediator to initiate conducted dilations and, by doing so, may act as a key player in the coordination of arteriolar behaviour in the microcirculatory network.
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