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1 Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
2 Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: newcomers{at}missouri.edu.
Forearm endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired with age in sedentary, but not endurance-trained men. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if these age and physical activity related differences in endothelium-dependent vasodilation also occur in the leg. Brachial and common femoral arterial blood flow were measured using Doppler ultrasound during increasing doses of acetylcholine (1, 4, and 16 µg/100 ml of limb tissue/min), substance P (8, 31, and 125 pg/100ml of limb tissue/min), and sodium nitroprusside (0.063, 0.25, and 1 µg/100 ml of limb tissue/min) in 23 healthy men (8 younger sedentary, 8 older sedentary, and 7 older endurance-trained). Increases in forearm blood flow to the highest dose of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were less (P<0.05) in older sedentary (841 ± 142%, 428 ± 74%) compared to younger sedentary (1519 ± 256%, 925 ± 163%) subjects. Similarly, increases in forearm blood flow to sodium nitroprusside (1 µg/100 ml of limb tissue/min) were less (P<0.05) in older endurance-trained (505 ± 110%) compared to younger sedentary (925 ± 163%) subjects. In contrast, no differences in leg blood flow responses to intra-arterial infusions of acetylcholine, substance P, or sodium nitroprusside were noted between subject groups. These results demonstrate that: (1) acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside-induced vasodilation are attenuated in the forearm vasculature and preserved in the leg vasculature of older sedentary subjects and (2) sodium nitroprusside-induced vasodilation remains attenuated in the forearm vasculature of healthy older endurance-trained men but preserved in the leg vasculature of these men.
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