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1 Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
2 Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
3 Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 75390, Texas, United States
4 Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: michal_schwartzman{at}nymc.edu.
Nitric oxide (NO), generated from L-arginine by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), is a key endothelial-derived factor whose bioavailability is essential to the normal function of the endothelium. Endothelium dysfunction is characterized by loss of NO bioavailability due to either reduced formation or accelerated degradation of NO. We have recently reported that overexpression of vascular cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A in rats caused hypertension and endothelial dysfunction driven by increased production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a major vasoconstrictor eicosanoid in the microcirculation. To further explore cellular mechanisms underlying CYP4A-20-HETE-driven endothelial dysfunction, the interactions between 20-HETE and the eNOS-NO system were examined in vitro. Addition of 20-HETE to endothelial cells at concentrations as low as 1 nM reduced calcium ionophore-stimulated NO release by 50%. This reduction was associated with a significant increase in superoxide production. The increase in superoxide in response to 20-HETE was prevented by L-NAME, suggesting that uncoupled eNOS is a source of this superoxide. The response to 20-HETE was specific in that 19-HETE did not affect NO or superoxide production and, in fact, the response to 20-HETE could be competitively antagonized by 19(R)-HETE. 20-HETE had no effect on phosphorylation of eNOS protein at Serine 1179 or Threonine 497 following addition of calcium ionophore; however, 20-HETE inhibited association of eNOS with HSP90. In vivo, impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxation in arteries overexpressing CYP4A was associated with a marked reduction in the levels of phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (pVASP), an indicator of bioactive NO, which was reversed by inhibition of 20-HETE synthesis or action. Since association of HSP90 with eNOS is critical for eNOS activation and coupled enzyme activity, inhibition of this association by 20-HETE may underlie the mechanism, at least in part, by which increased CYP4A expression and activity cause endothelial dysfunction.
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