Activation of the G protein, Gs, results in increases in cAMP, a necessary step in the pathway for ATP release from rabbit and human erythrocytes. In all cells, the level of cAMP is the product of its synthesis by adenylyl cyclase (AC) and its hydrolysis by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Both iloprost (ILO), a PGI₂ analog, and isoproterenol (ISO), a -agonist, stimulate receptor-mediated increases in cAMP in rabbit and human erythrocytes. However, the specific PDEs associated with each of these signaling pathways in the erythrocyte have not been fully characterized. Previously, we reported that PDE3B is present in rabbit and human erythrocyte membranes and that PDE3 inhibitors potentiate ILO-induced increases in cAMP. Here we report that inhibitors of either PDE2 or PDE4, EHNA and rolipram, respectively, potentiate ISO-induced increases in cAMP in rabbit and human erythrocytes. Importantly, these inhibitors had no effect on cAMP increases associated with incubation of erythrocytes with ILO. In addition, we establish, for the first time, the presence of PDE2A protein in rabbit and human erythrocyte membranes. Finally, we determined that pre-incubation of human erythrocytes with EHNA and rolipram together, potentiate ISO-induced ATP release while pre-incubation with CILO enhances ILO-induced release of ATP. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, in rabbit and human erythrocytes, ILO-induced increases in cAMP and ATP release are regulated by PDE3 while those associated with ISO are regulated by the activities of both PDE2 and PDE4. These studies demonstrate that PDE activity in these cells is localized to specific signaling pathways.