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1 Pharmacology, Loyola Universtiy Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States
2 The Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Mayood, Illinois, United States
3 The Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States
4 Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kscrogi{at}lumc.edu.
Depressed heart rate variability (HRV) and mood are associated with increased mortality in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Here, autonomic indices were assessed 3 and 7 weeks after left coronary artery ligation in telemetered rats, after which anxiety-like behaviors were assessed in an elevated plus maze. Low (LF) and high frequency (HF) variability were reduced in CHF rats 3 weeks after infarction (LF: 1.60 ± 0.52 vs. 6.97 ± 0.79 ms2; HF: 1.53 ± 0.39 vs. 6.20 ± 1.01 ms2, P<0.01). The number of sequences of interbeat intervals that correlated with arterial pressure was decreased in CHF rats at 3 and 7 weeks (Wk 3: 26.60 ± 10.85 vs. 59.75 ± 11.4 sequences, P<0.05; Wk 7: 20.80 ± 8.97 vs.65.38 ± 5.89 sequences, P<0.01). Sequence gain was attenuated in CHF rats by 7 weeks (1.34 ± 0.06 vs. 2.70 ± 0.29 ms/mmHg, P<0.01). Coherence between interbeat interval- and mean arterial blood pressure variability in the LF domain was reduced in CHF rats at 3 (0.12 ± 0.03 vs. 0.26 ± 0.05 k2, P<0.05) and 7 weeks (0.16 ± 0.02 vs. 0.31 ± 0.05 k2, P<0.05). CHF rats invariably entered the open arm of the elevated plus maze first, and spent more time in the open arms (36.0 ± 15 vs. 4.6 ± 1.9%, P<0.05). CHF rats also showed a tendency to jump head first off the apparatus, while controls did not. Together the data indicate that severe autonomic dysfunction is accompanied by escape seeking behaviors in rats with verified CHF.
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