AJP - Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol 248, Issue 1 151-H153, Copyright © 1985 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Assessment of autonomic function in humans by heart rate spectral analysis

B. Pomeranz, R. J. Macaulay, M. A. Caudill, I. Kutz, D. Adam, D. Gordon, K. M. Kilborn, A. C. Barger, D. C. Shannon, R. J. Cohen and al. et

Spectral analysis of spontaneous heart rate fluctuations were assessed by use of autonomic blocking agents and changes in posture. Low-frequency fluctuations (below 0.12 Hz) in the supine position are mediated entirely by the parasympathetic nervous system. On standing, the low-frequency fluctuations increase and are jointly mediated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. High-frequency fluctuations, at the respiratory frequency, are decreased by standing and are mediated solely by the parasympathetic system. Heart rate spectral analysis is a powerful noninvasive tool for quantifying autonomic nervous system activity.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				G. Blain, O. Meste, A. Blain, and S. Bermon Time-frequency analysis of heart rate variability reveals cardiolocomotor coupling during dynamic cycling exercise in humans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2009; 296(5): H1651 - H1659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Mongue-Din, A. Salmon, M. Y. Fiszman, and Y. Fromes Periodic variation in R-R intervals and cardiovascular autonomic regulation in young adult Syrian hamsters Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, March 1, 2009; 296(3): R610 - R617. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. De Vera, A. Santana, and J. J. Gonzalez Nonlinearity and fractality in the variability of cardiac period in the lizard, Gallotia galloti: effects of autonomic blockade Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2008; 295(4): R1282 - R1289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Krabbendam, L. C. A. Jacobs, F. K. Lotgering, and M. E. A. Spaanderman Venous response to orthostatic stress Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2008; 295(4): H1587 - H1593. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Kotani, K. Takamasu, Y. Jimbo, and Y. Yamamoto Postural-induced phase shift of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and blood pressure variations: insight from respiratory-phase domain analysis Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2008; 294(3): H1481 - H1489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Chen and R. Mukkamala Selective quantification of the cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems by multisignal analysis of cardiorespiratory variability Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2008; 294(1): H362 - H371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. van de Vooren, M. G. J. Gademan, C. A. Swenne, B. J. TenVoorde, M. J. Schalij, and E. E. Van der Wall Baroreflex sensitivity, blood pressure buffering, and resonance: what are the links? Computer simulation of healthy subjects and heart failure patients J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2007; 102(4): 1348 - 1356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Scott, B. T. A. Esch, M. J. Haykowsky, S. Isserow, M. S. Koehle, B. G. Hughes, D. Zbogar, S. S. D. Bredin, D. C. McKenzie, and D. E. R. Warburton Sex differences in left ventricular function and beta-receptor responsiveness following prolonged strenuous exercise J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2007; 102(2): 681 - 687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Martinmaki, H. Rusko, S. Saalasti, and J. Kettunen Ability of short-time Fourier transform method to detect transient changes in vagal effects on hearts: a pharmacological blocking study Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2006; 290(6): H2582 - H2589. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Martinmaki, H. Rusko, L. Kooistra, J. Kettunen, and S. Saalasti Intraindividual validation of heart rate variability indexes to measure vagal effects on hearts Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2006; 290(2): H640 - H647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Radaelli, P. Castiglioni, M. Centola, F. Cesana, G. Balestri, A. U. Ferrari, and M. Di Rienzo Adrenergic origin of very low-frequency blood pressure oscillations in the unanesthetized rat Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2006; 290(1): H357 - H364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Valipour, F. Schneider, W. Kossler, S. Saliba, and O. C. Burghuber Heart rate variability and spontaneous baroreflex sequences in supine healthy volunteers subjected to nasal positive airway pressure J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2005; 99(6): 2137 - 2143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Brown, L. Barberini, A. G. Dulloo, and J.-P. Montani Cardiovascular responses to water drinking: does osmolality play a role? Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2005; 289(6): R1687 - R1692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. S. T. Leung, M. E. Bowman, T. M. Diep, G. Lorenzi-Filho, J. S. Floras, and T. D. Bradley Influence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration on ventricular response to atrial fibrillation in heart failure J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2005; 99(5): 1689 - 1696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. R. Padley, D. H. Overstreet, P. M. Pilowsky, and A. K. Goodchild Impaired cardiac and sympathetic autonomic control in rats differing in acetylcholine receptor sensitivity Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2005; 289(5): H1985 - H1992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Holmqvist, M. Stridh, J. E. P. Waktare, J. Brandt, L. Sornmo, A. Roijer, and C. J. Meurling Rapid fluctuations in atrial fibrillatory electrophysiology detected during controlled respiration Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2005; 289(2): H754 - H760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. Blumenthal, A. Sherwood, M. A. Babyak, L. L. Watkins, R. Waugh, A. Georgiades, S. L. Bacon, J. Hayano, R. E. Coleman, and A. Hinderliter Effects of Exercise and Stress Management Training on Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA, April 6, 2005; 293(13): 1626 - 1634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. S. Ditor, M. V. Kamath, M. J. MacDonald, J. Bugaresti, N. McCartney, and A. L. Hicks Effects of body weight-supported treadmill training on heart rate variability and blood pressure variability in individuals with spinal cord injury J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2005; 98(4): 1519 - 1525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Blain, O. Meste, and S. Bermon Influences of breathing patterns on respiratory sinus arrhythmia in humans during exercise Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2005; 288(2): H887 - H895. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Kiviniemi, A. J. Hautala, T. Seppanen, T. H. Makikallio, H. V. Huikuri, and M. P. Tulppo Saturation of high-frequency oscillations of R-R intervals in healthy subjects and patients after acute myocardial infarction during ambulatory conditions Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2004; 287(5): H1921 - H1927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Laitinen, L. Niskanen, G. Geelen, E. Lansimies, and J. Hartikainen Age dependency of cardiovascular autonomic responses to head-up tilt in healthy subjects J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2004; 96(6): 2333 - 2340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Brys, C. M. Brown, H. Marthol, R. Franta, and M. J. Hilz Dynamic cerebral autoregulation remains stable during physical challenge in healthy persons Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 7, 2003; 285(3): H1048 - H1054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. P. Blaber, T. Hartley, and P. J. Pretorius Effect of acute exposure to 3,660 m altitude on orthostatic responses and tolerance J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2003; 95(2): 591 - 601. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P-F. Migeotte, G. K. Prisk, and M. Paiva Microgravity alters respiratory sinus arrhythmia and short-term heart rate variability in humans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2003; 284(6): H1995 - H2006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. D. Giardino, R. W. Glenny, S. Borson, and L. Chan Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is associated with efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange in healthy humans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2003; 284(5): H1585 - H1591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. R. Murray What Is "Heart Rate Variability" and Is It Blunted by Tumor Necrosis Factor? Chest, March 1, 2003; 123(3): 664 - 667. [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. A. Malave, A. A. Taylor, J. Nattama, A. Deswal, and D. L. Mann Circulating Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Correlate With Indexes of Depressed Heart Rate Variability: A Study in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Heart Failure Chest, March 1, 2003; 123(3): 716 - 724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Momiyama, Y. Suzuki, M. Ohtomo, Y. Atsumi, K. Matsuoka, F. Ohsuzu, and M. Kimura Cardiac Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction in Diabetic Patients With a Mitochondrial DNA Mutation: Assessment by heart rate variability Diabetes Care, December 1, 2002; 25(12): 2308 - 2313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Liao, M. Carnethon, G. W. Evans, W. E. Cascio, and G. Heiss Lower Heart Rate Variability Is Associated With the Development of Coronary Heart Disease in Individuals With Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Diabetes, December 1, 2002; 51(12): 3524 - 3531. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Brennan, M. Palaniswami, and P. Kamen Poincare plot interpretation using a physiological model of HRV based on a network of oscillators Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2002; 283(5): H1873 - H1886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-i. Hayano, S. Mukai, H. Fukuta, S. Sakata, N. Ohte, and G. Kimura Postural Response of Low-Frequency Component of Heart Rate Variability Is an Increased Risk for Mortality in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Chest, December 1, 2001; 120(6): 1942 - 1952. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Mukkamala and R. J. Cohen A forward model-based validation of cardiovascular system identification Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2001; 281(6): H2714 - H2730. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Hennessy, M. G. Tighe, C. D. Binnie, and L. Nashef Sudden withdrawal of carbamazepine increases cardiac sympathetic activity in sleep Neurology, November 13, 2001; 57(9): 1650 - 1654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Mestivier, H. Dabire, and N. P. Chau Effects of autonomic blockers on linear and nonlinear indexes of blood pressure and heart rate in SHR Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2001; 281(3): H1113 - H1121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Sato, I. Horigome, S. Chiba, T. Furuta, M. Miyazaki, O. Hotta, K. Suzuki, H. Noshiro, and Y. Taguma Autonomic insufficiency as a factor contributing to dialysis-induced hypotension Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., August 1, 2001; 16(8): 1657 - 1662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. S. Floras, G. C. Butler, S.-I. Ando, S. C. Brooks, M. J. Pollard, and P. Picton Differential sympathetic nerve and heart rate spectral effects of nonhypotensive lower body negative pressure Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2001; 281(2): R468 - R475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Franchi, C. Lazzeri, G. Barletta, L. Ianni, and M. Mannelli Centrally Mediated Effects of Bromocriptine on Cardiac Sympathovagal Balance Hypertension, July 1, 2001; 38(1): 123 - 129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. P. Sloan, E. Bagiella, P. A. Shapiro, J. P. Kuhl, D. Chernikhova, J. Berg, and M. M. Myers Hostility, Gender, and Cardiac Autonomic Control Psychosom Med, May 1, 2001; 63(3): 434 - 440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. J. Goldberger, S. Challapalli, R. Tung, M. A. Parker, and A. H. Kadish Relationship of Heart Rate Variability to Parasympathetic Effect Circulation, April 17, 2001; 103(15): 1977 - 1983. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T H Haapaniemi, V Pursiainen, J T Korpelainen, H V Huikuri, K A Sotaniemi, and V V Myllyla Ambulatory ECG and analysis of heart rate variability in Parkinson's disease J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, March 1, 2001; 70(3): 305 - 310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. M. Bloomfield, A. Magnano, J. T. Bigger Jr., H. Rivadeneira, M. Parides, and R. C. Steinman Comparison of spontaneous vs. metronome-guided breathing on assessment of vagal modulation using RR variability Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): H1145 - H1150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. T. Bigger Jr and T. El-Sherif Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Events: A Fish Tale Circulation, February 6, 2001; 103(5): 623 - 625. [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Lee, R. H. Wood, and M. A. Welsch Influence of head-down and lateral decubitus neck flexion on heart rate variability J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2001; 90(1): 127 - 132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. J. Meurling, J. E. P. Waktare, F. Holmqvist, A. Hedman, A. J. Camm, S. B. Olsson, and M. Malik Diurnal variations of the dominant cycle length of chronic atrial fibrillation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2001; 280(1): H401 - H406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K.-I. Iwasaki, R. Zhang, J. H. Zuckerman, J. A. Pawelczyk, and B. D. Levine Effect of head-down-tilt bed rest and hypovolemia on dynamic regulation of heart rate and blood pressure Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2000; 279(6): R2189 - R2199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Yasuma and J.-I. Hayano Impact of acute hypoxia on heart rate and blood pressure variability in conscious dogs Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2000; 279(5): H2344 - H2349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. G. Crandall, R. Zhang, and B. D. Levine Effects of whole body heating on dynamic baroreflex regulation of heart rate in humans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2000; 279(5): H2486 - H2492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. H. Cooke, J. E. Ames IV, A. A. Crossman, J. F. Cox, T. A. Kuusela, K. U. O. Tahvanainen, L. B. Moon, J. Drescher, F. J. Baisch, T. Mano, et al. Nine months in space: effects on human autonomic cardiovascular regulation J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2000; 89(3): 1039 - 1045. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Gehrmann, P. E. Hammer, C. T. Maguire, H. Wakimoto, J. K. Triedman, and C. I. Berul Phenotypic screening for heart rate variability in the mouse Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2000; 279(2): H733 - H740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Shimoda and Y. Ikuta The Current Perception Thresholds Vary Between Horizontal and 70{degrees} Tilt-Up Positions Anesth. Analg., August 1, 2000; 91(2): 398 - 402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Chowdhary, J. C. Vaile, J. Fletcher, H. F. Ross, J. H. Coote, and J. N. Townend Nitric Oxide and Cardiac Autonomic Control in Humans Hypertension, August 1, 2000; 36(2): 264 - 269. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.-B. LANGDEAU, H. TURCOTTE, D. M. BOWIE, J. JOBIN, P. DESGAGNÉ, and L.-P. BOULET Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Elite Athletes Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 1, 2000; 161(5): 1479 - 1484. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				B Wennerblom, L Lurje, H Tygesen, R Vahisalo, and A Hjalmarson Patients with uncomplicated coronary artery disease have reduced heart rate variability mainly affecting vagal tone Heart, March 1, 2000; 83(3): 290 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. Furlan, A. Porta, F. Costa, J. Tank, L. Baker, R. Schiavi, D. Robertson, A. Malliani, and R. Mosqueda-Garcia Oscillatory Patterns in Sympathetic Neural Discharge and Cardiovascular Variables During Orthostatic Stimulus Circulation, February 29, 2000; 101(8): 886 - 892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Yamazaki and R. Sone Modulation of arterial baroreflex control of heart rate by skin cooling and heating in humans J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2000; 88(2): 393 - 400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.-H. Hsieh, C.-W. Chiou, Z.-C. Wen, C.-H. Wu, C.-T. Tai, C.-F. Tsai, Y.-A. Ding, M.-S. Chang, and S.-A. Chen Alterations of Heart Rate Variability After Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Focal Atrial Fibrillation Originating From Pulmonary Veins Circulation, November 30, 1999; 100(22): 2237 - 2243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. V. Huikuri, A.-M. Poutiainen, T. H. Makikallio, M. J. Koistinen, K. E. J. Airaksinen, R. D. Mitrani, R. J. Myerburg, and A. Castellanos Dynamic Behavior and Autonomic Regulation of Ectopic Atrial Pacemakers Circulation, September 28, 1999; 100(13): 1416 - 1422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S Cencetti, A Lagi, M Cipriani, L Fattorini, G Bandinelli, and L Bernardi Autonomic control of the cerebral circulation during normal and impaired peripheral circulatory control Heart, September 1, 1999; 82(3): 365 - 372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Iellamo, P. Pizzinelli, M. Massaro, G. Raimondi, G. Peruzzi, and J. M. Legramante Muscle Metaboreflex Contribution to Sinus Node Regulation During Static Exercise : Insights From Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability Circulation, July 6, 1999; 100(1): 27 - 32. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M Takusagawa, S Komori, K Umetani, T Ishihara, T Sawanobori, I Kohno, S Sano, D Yin, H Ijiri, and K Tamura Alterations of autonomic nervous activity in recurrence of variant angina Heart, July 1, 1999; 82(1): 75 - 81. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Sakata, J. Hayano, S. Mukai, A. Okada, and T. Fujinami Aging and spectral characteristics of the nonharmonic component of 24-h heart rate variability Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1, 1999; 276(6): R1724 - R1731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Hilz, B. Stemper, P. Sauer, U. Haertl, W. Singer, and F. B. Axelrod Cold face test demonstrates parasympathetic cardiac dysfunction in familial dysautonomia Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1, 1999; 276(6): R1833 - R1839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. L. Watkins, P. Grossman, R. Krishnan, and J. A. Blumenthal Anxiety Reduces Baroreflex Cardiac Control in Older Adults With Major Depression Psychosom Med, May 1, 1999; 61(3): 334 - 340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Pichot, J.-M. Gaspoz, S. Molliex, A. Antoniadis, T. Busso, F. Roche, F. Costes, L. Quintin, J.-R. Lacour, and J.-C. Barthelemy Wavelet transform to quantify heart rate variability and to assess its instantaneous changes J Appl Physiol, March 1, 1999; 86(3): 1081 - 1091. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. J. L. Little, P. O. O. Julu, S. Hansen, and S. W. J. Reid Real-time measurement of cardiac vagal tone in conscious dogs Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 1999; 276(2): H758 - H765. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. P. Sloan, P. A. Shapiro, E. Bagiella, M. M. Myers, and J. M. Gorman Cardiac Autonomic Control Buffers Blood Pressure Variability Responses to Challenge: A Psychophysiologic Model of Coronary Artery Disease Psychosom Med, January 1, 1999; 61(1): 58 - 68. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Van De Borne, M. Hausberg, R. P. Hoffman, A. L. Mark, and E. A. Anderson Hyperinsulinemia produces cardiac vagal withdrawal and nonuniform sympathetic activation in normal subjects Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 1999; 276(1): R178 - R183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Houle and G. E. Billman Low-frequency component of the heart rate variability spectrum: a poor marker of sympathetic activity Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 1999; 276(1): H215 - H223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Malliani, M. Pagani, N. Montano, and G. S. Mela Sympathovagal Balance: A Reappraisal Circulation, December 8, 1998; 98 (23): 2640 - 2643. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Furlan, G. Jacob, M. Snell, D. Robertson, A. Porta, P. Harris, and R. Mosqueda-Garcia Chronic Orthostatic Intolerance : A Disorder With Discordant Cardiac and Vascular Sympathetic Control Circulation, November 17, 1998; 98(20): 2154 - 2159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Montano, C. Cogliati, A. Porta, M. Pagani, A. Malliani, K. Narkiewicz, F. M. Abboud, C. Birkett, and V. K. Somers Central Vagotonic Effects of Atropine Modulate Spectral Oscillations of Sympathetic Nerve Activity Circulation, October 6, 1998; 98(14): 1394 - 1399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Dabire, D. Mestivier, J. Jarnet, M. E. Safar, and N. P. Chau Quantification of sympathetic and parasympathetic tones by nonlinear indexes in normotensive rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 1998; 275(4): H1290 - H1297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Murasato, H. Hirakawa, Y. Harada, T. Nakamura, and Y. Hayashida Effects of systemic hypoxia on R-R interval and blood pressure variabilities in conscious rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 1998; 275(3): H797 - H804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Otzenberger, C. Gronfier, C. Simon, A. Charloux, J. Ehrhart, F. Piquard, and G. Brandenberger Dynamic heart rate variability: a tool for exploring sympathovagal balance continuously during sleep in men Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 1998; 275(3): H946 - H950. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R Sinnreich, J D Kark, Y Friedlander, D Sapoznikov, and M H Luria Five minute recordings of heart rate variability for population studies: repeatability and age-sex characteristics Heart, August 1, 1998; 80(2): 156 - 162. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				S. Mäkimattila, P. Summanen, I. Matinlauri, M. Mäntysaari, A. Schlenzka, M. Aalto, K. Irjala, and H. Yki-Järvinen Serum total renin, an independent marker of the activity and severity of retinopathy in patients with IDDM Br J Ophthalmol, August 1, 1998; 82(8): 939 - 944. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. V. Hojgaard, N.-H. Holstein-Rathlou, E. Agner, and J. K. Kanters Dynamics of spectral components of heart rate variability during changes in autonomic balance Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 1998; 275(1): H213 - H219. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Sigaudo, J.-O. Fortrat, A.-M. Allevard, A. Maillet, J.-M. Cottet-Emard, A. Vouillarmet, R. L. Hughson, G. Gauquelin-Koch, and C. Gharib Changes in the sympathetic nervous system induced by 42 days of head-down bed rest Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 1998; 274(6): H1875 - H1884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. M. Bloomfield, S. Zweibel, J. T. Bigger Jr., and R. C. Steinman R-R variability detects increases in vagal modulation with phenylephrine infusion Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 1998; 274(5): H1761 - H1766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Nakata, S. Takata, T. Yuasa, A. Shimakura, M. Maruyama, H. Nagai, S. Sakagami, and K.-I. Kobayashi Spectral analysis of heart rate, arterial pressure, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in normal humans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 1998; 274(4): H1211 - H1217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. P. Tulppo, T. H. Makikallio, T. Seppanen, J. K. E. Airaksinen, and H. V. Huikuri Heart rate dynamics during accentuated sympathovagal interaction Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 1998; 274(3): H810 - H816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Hayano, F. Yamasaki, S. Sakata, A. Okada, S. Mukai, and T. Fujinami Spectral characteristics of ventricular response to atrial fibrillation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 1997; 273(6): H2811 - H2816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Forester, H. Bo, J. W. Sleigh, and J. D. Henderson Variability of R-R, P wave-to-R wave, and R wave-to-T wave intervals Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 1997; 273(6): H2857 - H2860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Jasson, C. Medigue, P. Maison-Blanche, N. Montano, L. Meyer, C. Vermeiren, P. Mansier, P. Coumel, A. Malliani, and B. Swynghedauw Instant Power Spectrum Analysis of Heart Rate Variability During Orthostatic Tilt Using a Time-/Frequency-Domain Method Circulation, November 18, 1997; 96(10): 3521 - 3526. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				D. L. Eckberg Sympathovagal Balance : A Critical Appraisal Circulation, November 4, 1997; 96(9): 3224 - 3232. [Full Text]

				G. Stanley, D. Verotta, N. Craft, R. A. Siegel, and J. B. Schwartz Age effects on interrelationships between lung volume and heart rate during standing Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 1997; 273(5): H2128 - H2134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. P. Blaber, R. L. Bondar, F. Stein, P. T. Dunphy, P. Moradshahi, M. S. Kassam, and R. Freeman Complexity of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity: effects of tilt and autonomic failure Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 1997; 273(5): H2209 - H2216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. B. Persson Spectrum analysis of cardiovascular time series Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 1997; 273(4): R1201 - R1210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. J. Burgess, J. Trinder, Y. Kim, and D. Luke Sleep and circadian influences on cardiac autonomic nervous system activity Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 1997; 273(4): H1761 - H1768. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. D. Berger, E. K. Kasper, K. L. Baughman, E. Marban, H. Calkins, and G. F. Tomaselli Beat-to-Beat QT Interval Variability : Novel Evidence for Repolarization Lability in Ischemic and Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Circulation, September 2, 1997; 96(5): 1557 - 1565. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				T. E. Brown and a. D. L. Eckberg Promethazine Affects Autonomic Cardiovascular Mechanisms Minimally J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 1997; 282(2): 839 - 844. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				E. Oida, T. Moritani, and Y. Yamori Tone-entropy analysis on cardiac recovery after dynamic exercise J Appl Physiol, June 1, 1997; 82(6): 1794 - 1801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Y. Kim and D. E. Euler Baroreflex Sensitivity Assessed by Complex Demodulation of Cardiovascular Variability Hypertension, May 1, 1997; 29(5): 1119 - 1125. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				H. Tsuji, M. G. Larson, F. J. Venditti, E. S. Manders, J. C. Evans, C. L. Feldman, and D. Levy Impact of Reduced Heart Rate Variability on Risk for Cardiac Events: The Framingham Heart Study Circulation, December 1, 1996; 94(11): 2850 - 2855. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				B. S. Stambler and K. A. Ellenbogen Elucidating the Mechanisms of Atrial Flutter Cycle Length Variability Using Power Spectral Analysis Techniques Circulation, November 15, 1996; 94(10): 2515 - 2525. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. Hayano, F. Yasuma, A. Okada, S. Mukai, and T. Fujinami Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia: A Phenomenon Improving Pulmonary Gas Exchange and Circulatory Efficiency Circulation, August 15, 1996; 94(4): 842 - 847. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				T. F. o. t. E. S. o. C. t. N. A. S. o. P. Electrophysiology Heart Rate Variability : Standards of Measurement, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use Circulation, March 1, 1996; 93(5): 1043 - 1065. [Full Text]

				M. Petretta, D. Bonaduce, F. Marciano, V. Bianchi, G. Valva, C. Apicella, N. de Luca, and P. Gisonni Effect of 1 Year of Lisinopril Treatment on Cardiac Autonomic Control in Hypertensive Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Hypertension, March 1, 1996; 27(3): 330 - 338. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				L. Bernardi, B. Bianchini, G. Spadacini, S. Leuzzi, F. Valle, E. Marchesi, C. Passino, A. Calciati, M. Vigano, M. Rinaldi, et al. Demonstrable Cardiac Reinnervation After Human Heart Transplantation by Carotid Baroreflex Modulation of RR Interval Circulation, November 15, 1995; 92(10): 2895 - 2903. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				B. B. Lerman, K. Stein, E. D. Engelstein, D. S. Battleman, N. Lippman, D. Bei, and D. Catanzaro Mechanism of Repetitive Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Circulation, August 1, 1995; 92(3): 421 - 429. [Abstract] [Full Text]