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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 283: H1072-H1081, 2002. First published May 9, 2002; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00874.2001
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Vol. 283, Issue 3, H1072-H1081, September 2002

Optimizing ventricular fibers: uniform strain or stress, but not ATP consumption, leads to high efficiency

Marko Vendelin1, Peter H. M. Bovendeerd2, Jüri Engelbrecht1, and Theo Arts3,4

1 Institute of Cybernetics, Tallinn Technical University, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering and 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven; and 4 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of fiber orientation in the left ventricular (LV) wall on the ejection fraction, efficiency, and heterogeneity of the distributions of developed fiber stress, strain and ATP consumption. A finite element model of LV mechanics was used with active properties of the cardiac muscle described by the Huxley-type cross-bridge model. The computed variances of sarcomere length (SLvar), developed stress (DSvar), and ATP consumption (ATPvar) have several minima at different transmural courses of helix fiber angle. We identified only one region in the used design space with high ejection fraction, high efficiency of the LV and relatively small SLvar, DSvar, and ATPvar. This region corresponds to the physiological distribution of the helix fiber angle in the LV wall. Transmural fiber angle can be predicted by minimizing SLvar and DSvar, but not ATPvar. If ATPvar was minimized, then the transverse fiber angle was considerably underestimated. The results suggest that ATP consumption distribution is not regulating the fiber orientation in the heart.

heart; oxygen consumption; pressure-volume area; mathematical modeling


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