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1 Division of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases and 2 Division of Global Toxicology, Pharmacia Corporation, Skokie, Illinois 60077 and St. Louis, Missouri 63141
Vascular inflammation was examined as a
potential mechanism of aldosterone-mediated myocardial injury in
uninephrectomized rats receiving 1% NaCl-0.3% KCl to drink for 1, 2, or 4 wk and 1) vehicle, 2) aldosterone infusion
(0.75 µg/h), or 3) aldosterone infusion (0.75 µg/h) plus
the selective aldosterone blocker eplerenone (100 mg · kg
1 · day
1).
Aldosterone induced severe hypertension at 4 wk [systolic blood pressure (SBP), 210 ± 3 mmHg vs. vehicle, 131 ± 2 mmHg,
P < 0.001], which was partially attenuated by
eplerenone (SBP, 180 ± 7 mmHg; P < 0.001 vs.
aldosterone alone and vehicle). No significant increases in myocardial
interstitial collagen fraction or hydroxyproline concentration were
detected throughout the study. However, histopathological analysis of
the heart revealed severe coronary inflammatory lesions, which were
characterized by monocyte/macrophage infiltration and resulted in focal
ischemic and necrotic changes. The histological evidence of
coronary lesions was preceded by and associated with the elevation of
cyclooxygenase-2 (up to ~4-fold), macrophage chemoattractant
protein-1 (up to ~4-fold), and osteopontin (up to ~13-fold) mRNA
expression. Eplerenone attenuated proinflammatory molecule expression
in the rat heart and subsequent vascular and myocardial damage. Thus
aldosterone and salt treatment in uninephrectomized rats led to severe
hypertension and the development of a vascular inflammatory phenotype
in the heart, which may represent one mechanism by which aldosterone
contributes to myocardial disease.
cyclooxygenase-2; osteopontin; macrophage chemoattractant protein-1; eplerenone
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