| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1Vascular Biology Center and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912; and 2Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
Submitted 2 September 2003 ; accepted in final form 10 November 2003
Peripheral microvascular dysfunction is a common affliction in patients with the metabolic syndrome X. Previous studies have described a number of vascular impairments in vasomotor control in both human patients and animal models of syndrome X, but the net effect of these impairments on microvascular structure has not been examined. The goal of the current study was to test the hypothesis that syndrome X reduces muscle perfusion and induces vascular remodeling. The obese Zucker rat was used as a model of syndrome X, and the microcirculation of the hindlimb and brain were examined. Obese Zucker rats were obese, hyperlipidemic, hyperinsulinemic, and hyperglycemic. Blood flow to the hindlimb was reduced by 59% in obese rats relative to lean rats. Skeletal muscle resistance arteries of the hindlimb microcirculation of obese rats had thinner walls, smaller lumens, and reduced distensibility. Hindlimb microvessels from obese rats also demonstrated reduced expression of vascular smooth muscle cell markers. Each of these traits is consistent with low-flow remodeling. In contrast, the cerebral microcirculation, where flow is vigorously autoregulated, showed no vascular remodeling nor were there changes in microvascular smooth muscle marker expression. Neither physical activity nor muscle mass were significantly different between lean and obese rats. Taken together, these findings suggest that syndrome X, by reducing hindlimb blood flow, induces a marked remodeling of microcirculation to favor smaller, less distensible vessels. This remodeling may result in an architectural limitation of maximum perfusion capacity and may be an important maladaption in the progression of peripheral microvascular disease.
peripheral vascular disease; microcirculation; smooth muscle cell markers
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  N. Villalba, P. Martinez, A. M. Briones, A. Sanchez, M. Salaices, A. Garcia-Sacristan, M. Hernandez, S. Benedito, and D. Prieto Differential structural and functional changes in penile and coronary arteries from obese Zucker rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2009; 297(2): H696 - H707. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C. Frisbee, J. M. Hollander, R. W. Brock, H.-G. Yu, and M. A. Boegehold Integration of skeletal muscle resistance arteriolar reactivity for perfusion responses in the metabolic syndrome Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1, 2009; 296(6): R1771 - R1782. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Distasi, J. Case, M. A. Ziegler, M. C. Dinauer, M. C. Yoder, L. S. Haneline, M. C. Dalsing, S. J. Miller, C. A. Labarrere, M. P. Murphy, et al. Suppressed hindlimb perfusion in Rac2-/- and Nox2-/- mice does not result from impaired collateral growth Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2009; 296(3): H877 - H886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Osmond, J. D. Mintz, B. Dalton, and D. W. Stepp Obesity Increases Blood Pressure, Cerebral Vascular Remodeling, and Severity of Stroke in the Zucker Rat Hypertension, February 1, 2009; 53(2): 381 - 386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Sachidanandam, J. R. Hutchinson, M. M. Elgebaly, E. M. Mezzetti, M.-H. Wang, and A. Ergul Differential Effects of Diet-Induced Dyslipidemia and Hyperglycemia on Mesenteric Resistance Artery Structure and Function in Type 2 Diabetes J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., January 1, 2009; 328(1): 123 - 130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. G. Goodwill, M. E. James, and J. C. Frisbee Increased vascular thromboxane generation impairs dilation of skeletal muscle arterioles of obese Zucker rats with reduced oxygen tension Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2008; 295(4): H1522 - H1528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. N. Bratz, G. M. Dick, J. D. Tune, J. M. Edwards, Z. P. Neeb, U. D. Dincer, and M. Sturek Impaired capsaicin-induced relaxation of coronary arteries in a porcine model of the metabolic syndrome Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): H2489 - H2496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Stangl, V. Witzel, G. Baumann, and K. Stangl Current diagnostic concepts to detect coronary artery disease in women Eur. Heart J., March 2, 2008; 29(6): 707 - 717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. L. Haas, J. L. Doyle, M. R. Distasi, L. E. Norton, K. M. Sheridan, and J. L. Unthank Involvement of MMPs in the outward remodeling of collateral mesenteric arteries Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2007; 293(4): H2429 - H2437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Dumont, L. Loufrani, and D. Henrion Key Role of the NO-Pathway and Matrix Metalloprotease-9 in High Blood Flow-Induced Remodeling of Rat Resistance Arteries Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2007; 27(2): 317 - 324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Dorrance, D. M. Pollock, O. P. Romanko, and D. W. Stepp A high-potassium diet reduces infarct size and improves vascular structure in hypertensive rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): R415 - R422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Frisbee Vascular adrenergic tone and structural narrowing constrain reactive hyperemia in skeletal muscle of obese Zucker rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2006; 290(5): H2066 - H2074. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Frisbee Reduced nitric oxide bioavailability contributes to skeletal muscle microvessel rarefaction in the metabolic syndrome Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2005; 289(2): R307 - R316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Xiang, J. Naik, and R. L. Hester Exercise-induced increase in skeletal muscle vasodilatory responses in obese Zucker rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2005; 288(4): R987 - R991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Phillips, F. A. Sylvester, and J. C. Frisbee Oxidant stress and constrictor reactivity impair cerebral artery dilation in obese Zucker rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 2005; 288(2): R522 - R530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Schreihofer, C. D. Hair, and D. W. Stepp Reduced plasma volume and mesenteric vascular reactivity in obese Zucker rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2005; 288(1): R253 - R261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. C. Frisbee Enhanced arteriolar {alpha}-adrenergic constriction impairs dilator responses and skeletal muscle perfusion in obese Zucker rats J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2004; 97(2): 764 - 772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Visit Other APS Journals Online |
