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Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 286: H1881-H1888, 2004. First published January 2, 2004; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00786.2003
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Localization of VEGFR-2 and PLD2 in endothelial caveolae is involved in VEGF-induced phosphorylation of MEK and ERK

Chung-Hyun Cho, Chang Sup Lee, Mikyung Chang, Il-Ho Jang, Soo Jin Kim, Inhwan Hwang, Sung Ho Ryu, Chin O. Lee, and Gou Young Koh

National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Endothelial Cells and Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea

Submitted 15 August 2003 ; accepted in final form 30 December 2003

To clarify the role of caveolae in VEGF/VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2)-mediated signaling cascades, primary cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were fractionated to isolate caveolae-enriched cell membranes. Interestingly, VEGFR-2, phospholipase D2 (PLD2), and Ras were enriched in caveolae-enriched fractions. Moreover, VEGF increased PLD activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner in HUVECs, whereas a ligand specific for VEGFR-1 placental growth factor did not change PLD activity. A PLD inhibitor, 1-butanol, almost completely suppressed VEGF-induced ERK phosphorylation and cellular proliferation, whereas the negative control for 1-butanol, 3-butanol, did not produce significant changes. Addition of phosphatidic acid negated the 1-butanol-induced suppression. Pharmacological analyses using several inhibitors indicated that PKC-{delta} regulates the VEGF-induced activation of PLD/ERK. Thus PLD2 could be involved in MEK/ERK signaling cascades that are induced by the VEGF/VEGFR-2/PKC-{delta} pathway in endothelial cells. Pretreatment with the cholesterol depletion agent methyl-{beta}-cyclodextrin (M{beta}CD) almost completely disassembled caveolar structures, whereas the addition of cholesterol to M{beta}CD-treated cells restored caveolar structures. Pretreatment with M{beta}CD largely abolished phosphorylation of MEK/ERK by VEGF, whereas the addition of cholesterol restored VEGF-induced MEK/ERK phosphorylations. These results indicate that intact caveolae are required for the VEGF/VEGFR-2-mediated MEK/ERK signaling cascade.

caveolin-1; protein kinase C-{delta}; signaling; vascular endothelial growth factor; phospholipase D



Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: G. Y. Koh, National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Endothelial Cells, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang Univ. of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-Dong, Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea (E-mail: gykoh{at}postech.ac.kr).




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