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Lillehei Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
Submitted 15 December 2003 ; accepted in final form 20 July 2004
Initial studies have established expression of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We hypothesized that LRP6 is a critical mediator governing the regulation of the canonical Wnt/
-catenin/T cell factor 4 (Tcf-4) cascade in the vasculature. This hypothesis was based on our previous work demonstrating a role for the
-catenin/Tcf-4 pathway in vascular remodeling as well as work in other cell systems establishing a role for LRP family members in the Wnt cascade. In line with our hypothesis, LRP6 upregulation significantly increased Wnt-1-induced Tcf activation. Moreover, a dominant interfering LRP6 mutant lacking the carboxyl intracellular domain (LRP6
C) abolished Tcf activity. LRP6-induced stimulation of Tcf was blocked in VSMCs harboring constitutive expression of a dominant negative Tcf-4 transgene lacking the
-catenin binding domain, suggesting that LRP6-induced activation of Tcf was mediated through a
-catenin-dependent signal. Expression of the dominant interfering LRP6
C transgene was sufficient to abolish the Wnt-induced survival as well as cyclin D1 activity and cell cycle progression. In conclusion, these findings provide the first evidence of a role for an LDL receptor-related protein in the regulation of VSMC proliferation and survival through the evolutionary conserved Wnt signaling cascade.
-catenin; apoptosis; cyclin D1; T cell factor-4
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