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1Department of Biological, Chemical and Physical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, and 2Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
Submitted 21 November 2005 ; accepted in final form 18 May 2006
Changes in interfilament lattice spacing have been proposed as the mechanism underlying myofilament length-dependent activation. Much of the evidence to support this theory has come from experiments in which high-molecular-weight compounds, such as dextran, were used to osmotically shrink the myofilament lattice. However, whether interfilament spacing directly affects myofilament calcium sensitivity (EC50) has not been established. In this study, skinned isolated rat myocardium was osmotically compressed over a wide range (Dextran T500; 0–6%), and EC50 was correlated to both interfilament spacing and I1,1/I1,0 intensity ratio. The latter two parameters were determined by X-ray diffraction in a separate group of skinned muscles. Osmotic compression induced a marked reduction in myofilament lattice spacing, concomitant with increases in both EC50 and I1,1/I1,0 intensity ratio. However, interfilament spacing was not well correlated with EC50 (r2 = 0.78). A much better and deterministic relationship was observed between EC50 and the I1,1/I1,0 intensity ratio (r2 = 0.99), albeit with a marked discontinuity at low levels of dextran compression; that is, a small amount of external osmotic compression (0.38 kPa, corresponding to 1% Dextran T500) produced a stepwise increase in the I1,1/I1,0 ratio concomitant with a stepwise decrease in EC50. These parameters then remained stable over a wide range of further applied osmotic compression (up to 6% dextran). These findings provide support for a "switch-like" activation mechanism within the cardiac sarcomere that is highly sensitive to changes in external osmotic pressure.
skinned muscle; trabeculae; X-ray diffraction; dextran; osmotic pressure; myofilament length-dependent activation; regulation
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