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Cardiovascular Aging

Vascular aging in the longest-living rodent, the naked mole rat

¹Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York; ²Department of Biology, City College of New York, New York, New York; ³The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and ⁴Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas

Submitted 23 November 2006 ; accepted in final form 27 March 2007

The naked mole rat (NMR; Heterocephalus glaber) is the longest-living rodent known [maximum lifespan potential (MLSP): >28 yr] and is a unique model of successful aging showing attenuated declines in most physiological function. This study addresses age-related changes in endothelial function and production of reactive oxygen species in NMR arteries and vessels of shorter-living Fischer 344 rats (MLSP: 3 yr). Rats exhibit a significant age-dependent decline in acetylcholine-induced responses in carotid arteries over a 2-yr age range. In contrast, over a 10-yr age range nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation responses to acetylcholine and to the NO donor S-nitrosopencillamine (SNAP) were unaltered in NMRs. Cellular superoxide anion (O₂^–) and H₂O₂ production significantly increased with age in rat arteries, whereas they did not change substantially with age in NMR vessels. Indicators of apoptotic cell death (DNA fragmentation rate, caspase 3/7 activity) were significantly enhanced (250–300%) in arteries of 2-yr-old rats. In contrast, vessels from 12-yr-old NMRs exhibited only a 50% increase in apoptotic cell death. In the hearts of NMRs (2 to 26 yr old), expression of endothelial NO synthase, antioxidant enzymes (Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), the NAD(P)H oxidase subunit gp91^phox, and mitochondrial proteins (COX-IV, ATP synthase, and porin, an indicator of mitochondrial mass) did not change significantly with age. Thus long-living NMRs can maintain a youthful vascular function and cellular oxidant-antioxidant phenotype relatively longer and are better protected against aging-induced oxidative stress than shorter-living rats.

senescence; comparative biology; vascular disease; atherosclerosis; oxidative stress

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